Field Campaigns From the Indian Ocean through the Maritime Continent - A Part of Global Equatorial Circulation -

Inspired and encouraged by the GATE, several international intensive field campaigns were organized in the tropics during the past five decades. A dominant intraseasonal mode in the tropics, known as the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), attracts many scientists because of several mysteries including its generation process of ensembled cloud convections in the Indian Ocean, and barrier effect of the Maritime Continent against its eastward propagation. This phenomenon required unprecedented in-situ data to reveal those mechanisms. Then, we organized CINDY2011/DYNAMO field campaign in the Indian Ocean from October 2011 through March 2012 in collaboration with the U.S. DOE’s AMIE and the U.S. ONR’s LASP campaigns, and the Years of the Maritime Continent (YMC) for the latter since July 2017 and some observation components have continued until now. Over 70 institutes from over 15 countries/regions joined both campaigns. Here, we briefly review their achievements as well as their basic strategies in comparison to GATE, so that their legacies can continue through the future generations. Special focus will be given to data management and importance of participation from local agencies and universities. Intensive observations provide opportunities for clarifying various phenomena, and moreover for seeding bases of further long-term observations and emerging technologies.