Surface-Based Remote Sensing of Ice Formation and Growth Processes in Mixed-Phase Clouds (Invited Presentation)

Naturally occurring particles in ice clouds exhibit large variability in their microphysical properties such as shape, size, and density. Laboratory studies have provided a wealth of information on ice formation and growth processes; however, are limited in the type of conditions that they can reproduce in a controlled environment. On the other hand, in-situ measurements provide information in a wide range of real conditions occurring in nature; however, their limited sampling volume and uncertainties associated with aircraft probes make their use challenging.

Remote-sensing techniques provide an alternative way to observe atmospheric clouds, offering larger sampling volumes and longer periods compared with in situ measurements. Here, we will focus on mixed-phase clouds that given their prevalence especially in the high latitudes, exert a major influence on both the surface and the top-of-atmosphere radiative budget.

We will review surface-based remote sensing techniques and studies that utilize radar, lidars, radiometers and soundings to characterize the microphysical and dynamical structure of mixed-phase clouds. The review will focus on two active areas of research: the occurrence of secondary ice production and the characterization and role of cloud dynamics and turbulence in these cloud systems. In addition, we will provide an outlook about surface-based remote sensing capabilities and assess their potential to untangle some of the complex microphysical and dynamical processes in mixed-phase clouds