Yalei You, James Beauchamp, John Yang, Tom Smith, Ralph Ferraro, Brian Nelson
Our team generated NOAA Hydrological Bundle Climate Data Record (CDR) using observations at window channels (23.8, 31.4, 50.3, 89, 157, 183, and 190 GHz) from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A/B) and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS). The current Hydrological Bundle CDR (version 1.0) spans from 2000 to current using observations from six satellites, including NOAA15, NOAA16, NOAA17, NOAA18, NOAA19, and MetOpA. The fundamental idea of the Hydrological Bundle CDR is first generating a long-term calibrated brightness temperature (TB) data record, then the hydrological variables (e.g., precipitation rate, snow cover, sea ice concentration, etc.) are derived from the climate-quality TB record. Our current study extends the Hydrological Bundle CDR by incorporating observations from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), which is a follow-on sensor of AMSU/MHS and onboard NPP, NOAA20, and NOAA21 satellites (which are the NOAA Next Generation of Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites). Additionally, we also plan to add the observations from MetOpB and MetOpC satellites. By doing so, we plan to generate a 30+ year Hydrological Bundle CDR and to monitor the long-term trend of several key hydrological indicators. To this end, we use the Simultaneous Conical Overpass (SCO), and Double Difference to consider the channel differences (e.g., 157 GHz from MHS vs. 165.5 GHz from ATMS). We first analyzed the long-term trend of NEDT for each channel from all satellite sensors to select reference satellites. Results showed that the newer sensors do not necessarily have a lower NEDT. Second, it is found that the inter-satellite differences are both scan angle dependent and background scene temperature dependent. Third, the differences among these satellites for each channel are greatly reduced using the newly developed calibration method.
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