An Analysis of the Mixed-Phase Microphysical Properties of the 17–18 January 2022 Winter Storm

This study analyzes the synoptic, mesoscale, and microphysical evolution of a highly impactful winter cyclone that tracked from the southeastern U.S. to the Northeast on 17–18 January 2022. A wide range of precipitation types accompanied this system. Freezing rain was observed in the Carolinas and heavy snow fell in western and northern New York as well as the higher elevations of New England. Favorable upper-level support was provided as the surface cyclone was positioned in the left exit region of a jet streak. Strong mid-level frontogenesis, the associated trough of warm air aloft to the northwest side of the surface low, and an anomalously warm and moist low-level jet added to cyclone intensification; this frontogenesis zone was accompanied by a band of heavy precipitation that included mixed precipitation posing a challenge to forecasters. Increased knowledge of the microphysical evolution of mixed-phase precipitation can allow for improved nowcasting and forecasting of winter storms.

Analysis from a multi-sensor suite of instruments deployed near Buffalo, NY will be presented for this event. The NOAA P-3 microphysics data collected during the NASA Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field project will be used. Supplementing the aircraft in situ data, a further understanding of the cyclone’s microphysical evolution will be obtained using the University of Illinois System for Characterizing and Measuring Precipitation (SCAMP). Finally, data from the Buffalo, NY WSR-88D radar will be analyzed to depict the evolution of mesoscale structures, such as banding features, and to explore other notable precipitation characteristics. Precipitation structure and phase transitions revealed by dual-polarization radar variables will be characterized alongside meteorological analyses. Ultimately, this will help relate thermodynamic and kinematic variability to microphysical processes.