The changes were so great that the thermospheric drag caused thousands of additional satellite trajectory corrections, highlighting the need for global information on the state of the upper atmosphere as well as high latitude energy inputs.
Thermospheric composition and ionospheric density showed large changes over the course of the storm and these were observed in the column O/N2 changes observed by SSUSI and GUVI. SSUSI, on DMSP F18, showed large enhancements in the nightside ionosphere that persisted past midnight on 11 May 2024. There were major depletions in the mid- and low-latitude ionosphere.
We report comparisons between models, including GITM, for vertical total electron content (VTEC) and column O/N2 density, and SSUSI and GUVI.
We note that there were cases of very high levels of proton precipitation at the poles, particularly on 11 May 2024.
One pass of SSUSI shows intense proton precipitation over the United States (see image).
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