Advancing Atmospheric Physics: Integrating Aircraft Meteorological Data Reports to Probe Planetary Boundary Layer Dynamics in Complex Terrain in the Western United States

This study delves into the complex dynamics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) over the mountainous terrain of the western contiguous United States. Utilizing Aircraft Meteorological Data Reports (AMDAR), this study scrutinizes the evolution of the ABL and its intricate interactions with orographic features. Our approach entails a detailed examination of AMDAR profiles across nine mountainous international airports, juxtaposed with proximate radiosonde data to delineate ABL characteristics. Employing temporally and spatially averaged composites of critical atmospheric variables (such as wind velocity and potential temperature), our analysis exposes systematic observational discrepancies within the ABL. Preliminary outcomes reveal proficient predictions of near-surface temperature and wind speed but underscore persistent biases associated with orographic influences, such as surface flux interactions and topographical alterations. This research accentuates the significance of accurately characterizing ABL dynamics in mountainous locales to enhance meteorological forecasting and paves the way for advanced investigations into orographic meteorology.