Uncertainty Quantification of Satellite-Based Thermodynamic Soundings across Mid-Atlantic Bight

Accurate atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor are critical for improving weather forecasting and climate models. Current operational microwave sensors onboard NASA and NOAA satellites can retrieve essential profiles of thermodynamic variables at a coarser spatial resolution across contiguous Unites States but additional uncertainty quantification with ground-based sensors is essential to improve its accuracy and precision near coastal and offshore regions. In this study, we use thermodynamic observations, mainly from passive and active remote sensing instruments such as the Atmospheric Sounder Spectrometer by Infrared Spectral Technology (ASSIST) and Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), deployed during the Wind Forecast Improvement Project-3 (WFIP3: https://www.pnnl.gov/projects/wind-forecast-improvement-project-3) to quantify the accuracy of satellite retrievals over the mid-Atlantic bight region. Initial findings reveal significant discrepancies between satellite and ground-based water vapor profiles, particularly near surface and at higher altitudes. For example, at 4 km above ground level at Nantucket, MA, the difference between DIAL and satellite H2O measurements are close to 70%. In this presentation, we will provide a thorough statistical analysis and identify some of the sources of the errors from satellite-based thermodynamic retrievals. This research will contribute to the development of more accurate and reliable satellite-based remote sensing products.