Air quality and emissions in Toronto, Canada during THE CIX (AGES+) (Invited Presentation)

A comprehensive and unique set of measurements was made in Toronto, Ontario, Canada during the AGES+ mega-campaign of summer 2023. The Toronto Halogens, Emissions, Contaminants, and Inorganics eXperiment (THE CIX) consisted of a major site at the north end of the city and a secondary site downtown. The campaign was coordinated with flights over Toronto by the AEROMMA and STAQS campaigns. Measurements were made over several weeks in July and August 2023. THE CIX hosted a large suite of instrumentation, including Vocus-PTR-MS, two ToF-CIMS (acetate and iodide), spectroscopic measurements of HCHO, HCl, NH₃, and greenhouse gases, as well as SP-AMS and EESI. Samples for offline analysis of gases and particles were also collected. In addition, THE CIX hosted several unique instruments, including total elemental measurements (for carbon, fluorine, chlorine, and nitrogen) and an ambient ion monitor ion chromatograph mass spectrometer (AIM-IC-MS). This extensive dataset provides insight into the emissions and air quality for one of the largest and fastest-growing cities in North America, but also revealed important lessons for standard intercomparisons and novel measurements made during this campaign.