Enhancing Hurricane Threats and Impacts Graphics: The Effect of Arrival Time Information on Non-Expert Risk Assessment and Interpretation

Hurricane Threats and Impacts (HTI) graphics, developed by the National Weather Service, play a crucial role in communicating multi-hazard risks associated with tropical cyclones. However, previous research has identified challenges in public interpretation and utilization of these products. These challenges highlight the need for continued research and improvement in the design and presentation of hurricane risk information to enhance public understanding and response.

Building upon our earlier work on risk category systems and labeling, this study investigates the impact of incorporating arrival time information into HTI graphics. We conducted 2 (Design: with arrival time, without arrival time) × 2 (Community: Inland vs. Coastal) × 3 (Tropical Cyclones) mixed-design, online experiment with a sample of 240 participants. Participants were randomly assigned to one design condition and presented with all three tropical cyclones in random order. This study explores how the inclusion of tropical storm force wind arrival time information affects non-experts' ability to interpret when storm hazards would impact specific locations. Additionally, we examined the influence of community location (inland vs. coastal) and individual tropical cyclone characteristics on participants' comprehension, risk perception, and decision-making processes.

Preliminary findings show that HTI graphics incorporating arrival time information led to a higher rate of correct interpretations regarding the timing of storm hazard impacts on specific locations. Conversely, participants that were not provided with arrival time information often incorrectly assumed that storm hazards would occur at or around the advisory time. These results suggest that the inclusion of arrival time information in HTI graphics may significantly enhance non-experts' understanding of the temporal aspects of hurricane threats. This improved comprehension could potentially lead to more informed decision-making and better preparedness among residents in hurricane-prone areas. As we continue with detailed analysis, we aim to explore the interplay between arrival time information, community location, and specific tropical cyclone characteristics. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to improve hurricane risk communication and supports the development of more effective hazard products in collaboration with NOAA.