Dry Deposition Effect of Urban Green Spaces on Particulate Matter During the 2024 Freezing Rain Event in Hubei

Particulate matter (PM) is a major source of urban air pollution that poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. This study focused on quantifying the dry deposition effect of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ on vegetation using a mathematical model, overcoming the limitations of traditional site-scale research. Additionally, to explore the impact mechanism of the 2024 Hubei freezing rain, an extreme weather event, on the dry deposition of atmospheric particulate matter, multi-source satellite remote sensing products were combined to form a raster dataset to estimate the effect of dry deposition on PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Hubei's urban green spaces from 2014 to 2024. The spatial and temporal changes induced by the freezing rain were analyzed, and the influence of environmental factors on dry deposition was examined using wavelet analysis. The experimental results showed that: 1) the 2024 Wuhan freezing rain significantly altered the dry deposition effect of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ on vegetation, highlighting the complex interaction between extreme weather and particulate matter distribution; 2) broad-leaved forests provided the main dry deposition effects in urban spaces, accounting for 87.43%, indicating a need to increase the density of these forest types in urban development planning to improve air quality; and 3) PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and environmental impact factors exhibited time-frequency scale coherences, with precipitation being the best variable to explain changes in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. These findings are crucial for the prevention and control of urban air pollution, the regional planning of green spaces, and the sustainable development of cities, particularly under extreme weather conditions.