Controlling factors of shallow to deep convection duringn monsoon over Indian peninsular region

The transition of shallow to deep convection in the monsoon environment is first time investigated with detailed integrated observations from the surface layer, boundary layer and the cloud layer. The diurnal cycle of surface fluxes, thermodynamic and cloud parameters reveal that nocturnal clouds and precipitation play a crucial role for moistening the lower atmosphere and the development of deeper convection in the afternoon hours of the same day. This was always associated with stronger surface winds, wind shear, high surface latent heat flux and moisture content in the lower atmosphere. The availability of increased amount of moisture in the mid-layer and moist static energy as a result of subsequent lifting of the residual layer and the triggering from surface convection are the key factors in the formation of deep convection in afternoon convection of monsoon environment over peninsular semi arid regions. These findings allow us to predict the possibility of deeper convection based on a morning thermodynamic sounding. The applicability of this approach is illustrated using a cloud permitting model forecast. The potential of continuous microwave radiometer profiler observations in identifying the controls on the diurnal cycle is illustrated with various derived products. It could be possible that the availability of such information at different locations, especially in conditions of organized convection such as in monsoon may provide promising understanding on the organization of convection.