Cloud Properties over the Southern Ocean Observed from the Surface

We examine recently collected cloud observations made from the surface of the Southern Ocean using W-band cloud radar, ceilometer and a polarization capable lidar. The data were collected as part of the Clouds, Aerosols, Precipitation, Radiation, and Atmospheric Composition over the Southern Ocean (CAPRICORN), Measurements of Aerosols Radiation Clouds over the Southern Oceans (MARCUS) and Macquarie Island Cloud and Radiation Experiment (MICRE) experiments. The CAPRICORN experiments involved data collection during research cruises by the Australian Research Vessel (R/V) Investigator, while MARCUS data collection occurred aboard the Australian icebreaker Aurora Australis during Antarctic resupply voyages at latitudes between 43 S and 69 S. Cloud radar and lidar data were also collected at Macquarie Island (54 S) for up to two years. By merging the data obtained with the radar and lidar, we determine the cloud boundaries and examine cloud and precipitation phase (primarily from the polarization lidar). The presentation will include results collected over the annual cycle at Macquarie Island, and these data will be contrasted with observations during shorter-duration campaigns from the ship-based radar and lidar. In particular, we will present preliminary results of the latitudinal differences in cloud structure using a combination of case studies and statistical summaries, with a focus on super-cooled liquid water clouds.