An Exceptional Summer during the South Pole Race of 1911-1912

One of the many highlights of Dr. Solomon's incredible career is her work on climate conditions in early Antarctic explorations. This poster presents some of her most recent work in this endeavor.

The meteorological conditions during the Amundsen and Scott South Pole expeditions in 1911-1912 are examined using a combination of observations collected during the expeditions as well as modern reanalysis and reconstructed pressure datasets. It is found that over much of this austral summer, pressures were exceptionally high (more than two standard deviations above the climatological mean) at both main bases, as well as along the sledging journey, especially in December 1911. In conjunction with the anomalously high pressures, Amundsen and his crew experienced temperatures that peaked above -16°C on the polar plateau on December 6 1911, which is extremely warm for this region. While Scott also encountered unusually warm conditions at this time, the above average temperatures were accompanied with a wet snowstorm that slowed his progress across the Ross Ice shelf. Although January 1912 was marked with slightly below average temperatures and pressure, high temperatures and good conditions were observed in early February 1912, when Scott and his companions were at the top of the Beardmore Glacier. When compared to the anomalously cold temperatures experienced by the Scott polar party in late February and March of 1912, the temperature change is in the top 3% based more than 35 years of reanalysis data. Scott and his companions therefore faced an exceptional decrease in temperature when transiting the Ross Ice Shelf in February/March 1912, which likely made the persistent cold spell they experienced on the Ross Ice Shelf feel even more intense by comparison.