We compare the efforts to draw lessons from the Montreal Protocol for science and environmental policy in the Stockholm and Minamata Conventions, focusing on the ways in which scientific knowledge and leadership influenced key elements of the negotiations. We assess the relative effectiveness of different strategies for scientific input into global environmental negotiations drawn from stratospheric ozone in the three stages of cooperation: (1) agenda-setting and treaty negotiations, (2) adoption of treaty amendments and adjustments, and (3) treaty effectiveness evaluation. Data are drawn from observations and interviews at global environmental treaty negotiations and scientific assessment meetings. Specific lessons drawn from the Montreal Protocol that have been applied in the chemicals area involve the design of iterative scientific assessment processes, the roles and responsibilities of experts, and the flexible design of legal instruments. We argue that scientists and policy-makers have a mixed record of applying the lessons from the Montreal Protocol to other cases. The experience of the Stockholm and Minamata Conventions can further help refine the lessons of stratospheric ozone for application in other areas, including climate change and other global environmental challenges.
Reference: Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB), 1999. Summary (POPs INC2, Nairobi Kenya). International Institute for Sustainable Development.