Dust aerosols play important roles in the Earth system by degrading air quality, influencing weather systems, perturbing radiation budget, modulating biogeochemical cycles, and affecting the climate. Assessing these impacts requires realistic and accurate characterization of dust emissions, particle properties, and transport. This session invites presentations that report the latest advances in modeling and observational studies of dust characterization and impacts on various components of the Earth system, including but not limited to: (1) in situ and remote sensing characterizations of the properties and distributions of dust; (2) quantifying dust emission and transport using observations and models; (3) dust variability in association with climate variability and anthropogenic activities on various time scales; (4) effects of dust aerosols on radiation budget and cloud microphysics; (5) interactions of dust with regional climate and global biogeochemical cycle; and (6) novel use of observations to constrain dust modeling.