Tropical cyclone tornadoes -- A research and forecasting overview. Part 1: Climatologies, distribution and forecast concepts

The study of tornadoes from tropical cyclones (TCs) is a relatively young and underdeveloped subspecialty within atmospheric science, despite nearly a century of intermittent efforts into their documentation and analysis. This article and presentation chronologically summarize the evolution of scientific understanding regarding TC tornadoes from the perspectives of climatology, applied research into their environments, remote and direct observations, and numerical simulations at meso- and storm-scales. Also, ongoing and potential areas for study of TC tornadoes are provided, with a slant toward advanced forecasting.