In 1971 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) convened a Workshop in Norfolk, Virginia, on the topic of the Remote Measurement of Pollution (or RMOP), and its findings can be found in a NASA Special Publication (NASA SP-285, 1971). Part I of a retrospective of the progress and achievements since then was reported at the AMS 9th History Symposium and was focused on measurements of temperature and gaseous species in the atmosphere. The current report (Part II) is focused on the measurement of aerosols and clouds. SP-285 contains recommendations from the RMOP Panel chaired by Verner Suomi for conducting measurements of atmospheric particles and of Earth's radiation budget. Many of the workshop participants were specialists in the techniques that might be employed for the regional to global-scale, remote measurements of those quantities from an Earth-orbiting satellite. Limb occultation and scattering techniques were developed and employed for measurements in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Photometry, polarimetry, and lidar techniques have been used to characterize tropospheric aerosols and the scattering properties of clouds. This retrospective outlines the contributions that have been made in these areas by researchers at the Langley Research Center, as placed in the context of concurrent measurement programs of the national and international atmospheric research community.