Wednesday, 25 January 2012: 9:00 AM
Relationship Between Snow Extent and Mid-Latitude Storm Tracks From NARR Objectively Derived Storm Position and Snow Cover
Room 352 (New Orleans Convention Center )
A relationship between mid-latitude cyclone tracks and snow cover extent has been discussed in the literature over the last 50 years, but not explicitly analyzed with high-resolution and long-term observations of both. Large-scale modeling studies have hinted that areas near the edge of the snow extent support enhanced baroclinity due to differences in surface albedo and moisture fluxes. In this study, we investigated the relationship between snow cover extent and mid-latitude cyclone tracks across North America using objectively analyzed mid-latitude storm tracks and snow cover extent from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) for 1979 to 2010. We developed a high-resolution mid-latitude storm track database from sea-level pressure minima that are tracked through subsequent three hour time steps. These pressure minima were located by interpolating the pressure field to a 2.5° grid and then refining the search by relating them to the closest minima at the native 32-km resolution. Our analysis suggests an increase in frequency of storm occurrence within 300 km of the snow extent line for storms lasting longer than one day. The transition seasons (boreal autumn and spring) tend to exhibit the strongest relationship as the snow extent moves southward in the fall and northward in the spring. These observations support hypotheses of an internal feedback in which the snow cover extent is leading the storm tracks through surface heat and moisture fluxes. Further, these results aid in understanding of how mid-latitude cyclone tracks and the probability of mid-latitude cyclone formation will shift in a changing climate in response to snow cover trends.
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