Thursday, 18 July 2002
Transition from unstable to stable PBL in the coastal region observed by SAR
We present analysis of SAR imagery collected on 25 November, 1999 as part of
the Shoaling Waves experiment off the North Carolina coast near Duck.
This is an interesting example of a very complex boundary layer
situation. In situ surface fluxes and high resolution radar and laser
wave mean square slope data were measured by the low-flying LongEZ
aircraft along flight legs timed to coincide with the SAR
overpass. The SeaWinds on QuickSCAT scatterometer overpassed this
region 10 minutes prior to the SAR image and two NDBC buoys are within the scene. In this case we have
easterly flow off the Gulf Stream. As the flow crosses the western
edge of the Gulf Stream north wall, the stratification switches from
unstable to stable thus reducing the downward transfer of horizontal
momentum and hence the surface wind. Over the Gulf Stream wind speeds
are around 5 to 6 $ms^{-1}$. Immediately west of the Gulf Stream the
surface winds measured on the LongEZ drop to $~2ms^{-1}$ or lower
which is less than the threshold for wind-induced gravity-capillary
wave formation resulting in very low SAR backscatter. We postulate
that an internal boundary layer has formed due to the SST front and
resulting change in atmospheric stratification. The implied absence of
capillary waves is confirmed by laser glint data measured on the
LongEZ. Flight observers reported the sea surface to be free of
surface slicks in the reduced backscatter region. This is the second
field observation of the threshold wind speed necessary for
gravity-capillary wave formation that we know of. We also consider the
effects of sub-scatterometer footprint variability, which can be
imaged via SAR, on the scatterometer wind retrievals.
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