The Oklahoma Mesonet is an automated network of 114 remote, hydrometeorological stations across Oklahoma. Each station measures nine core parameters: air temperature and relative humidity at 1.5 m, wind speed and direction at 10 m, atmospheric pressure, incoming solar radiation, rainfall, and bare and vegetated soil temperatures at 10 cm below ground level. Nearly half of the sites provide supplemental instruments: temperature sensors at 5 cm under bare and vegetated soil, and at 30 cm under vegetated soil. During 1996 soil moisture sensors were installed at 60 sites in the Oklahoma Mesonet at depths of 5, 25, 60, and 75 cm. In 1998 the Oklahoma Mesonet was further upgraded (The OASIS Project) with a suite of instruments capable of measuring components of the surface energy balance. The sensors allow these stations to measure net radiation, sensible, latent, and ground heat fluxes, and surface skin temperature. Currently 10 site locations measure surface energy fluxes using both the eddy correlation and profile methods. These sites are referred to as OASIS Super Sites. An additional 79 sites are outfitted with sensors to measure surface fluxes using the profile method and are referred to as OASIS Standard sites.

The Oklahoma Mesonet spans a large range in annual precipitation as well as a wide variety of vegetation types, ecological systems, and land use covers. As a result, a number of studies have utilized the Mesonet to diagnose the nature and magnitude of land-atmosphere interactions. These studies include the impact of soil moisture, mesoscale precipitation systems, and agricultural practices on atmospheric processes in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). In each case, the relationship between the land surface and the atmosphere was quantified using Mesonet data.