Analysis of tornado damage on May 3rd, 1999 using remote sensing and GIS methods on high-resolution satellite imagery

This study explores the application of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies to identify tornado damage. High-resolution satellite images collected after the May 3rd, 1999 tornado outbreak show unique patterns along areas of intense tornado damage. In order to understand these observations, a joint effort of the OU Geography Department, Space Imaging, Inc., and the NASA Space Grant program acquired high-resolution satellite data (5m panchromatic and 25m LISS multi-spectral imagery taken by Indian Remote Sensing satellites) before and after the event. With the data, we apply remote sensing and GIS methods to analyze tornado track characteristics and compare the tracks with detailed damage surveys conducted by members of the OU Weather Center.

The satellite data show a distinct pattern that matches the characteristics of strong to violent damage along the track of the Oklahoma City tornado. Surprisingly, other tornado tracks do not show up as clearly in the data though other tornadoes produced significant damage. Research is ongoing to determine 1.) what is causing the tornado track signature for the Oklahoma City tornado, 2.) why is there a difference in signatures for the other tornado tracks, and 3.) what are the strengths and limitations of using high-resolution satellite data for analyzing tornado damage. A preliminary hypothesis being tested is that the Oklahoma City tornado produced an unusual amount of damage along its track that was deposited throughout the damage path.

Interpreting the tornado damage signals in high-resolution satellite data furthers the understanding of damage produced by tornadoes. This study demonstrates a new approach to analyzing damage associated with severe weather.