According to the observation of the number and mass concentration spectra of atmospheric aerosols, the total suspended particulates (TSP) and its particle size distribution, micrometeorology, and the solar spectroscopic radiation, even neutron treatment of sand dust samples in Helan Mountainous area, the formation law of floating dust, blowing sand and sandstorm weather and the characteristics of climatic variation in this area and the influence of the Helan Mountain are counted and analyzed. In addition, the spectrum characteristics, optical depth and chemical composition of sand aerosol particles are also analysed. and discussed.