24STUDENT Spatial and temporal attributions of Brazilian Soybean production to weather and climate events

Climate events can significantly influence crop yields and, consequently, food security. Brazil plays a significant role in global food demand, being one of the largest producers of soybeans. Various studies have been evaluating the future scenarios for soybean yield due to climate change in different regions in Brazil. The primary objective was to assess the impact of extreme events on agricultural production and yields, with a specific focus on soybean as a case study. It was evaluated spatial and temporal trends of extreme weather and climate events based on long-term (1989-2022) BR-DWGD gridded dataset, for daily air temperature, and precipitation across different Brazilian soybean production regions. Climate variation analyses were conducted over a 60-year period using SPI and WSDI indices for each studied region. The results indicate a rise in temperatures and an increase in extreme drought events in most of the evaluated regions over recent decades, impacting productivity and posing greater risks to agricultural production. The findings also reveal positive trends in temperature increases in some regions and a reduction in precipitation in others, which could have a significant impact on evapotranspiration and, consequently, on crop development. The study focused on specific production regions with the most available collected data, it can be expanded to other areas and incorporate new data sources.