Handout (3.8 MB)
It is found that ENSO plays an important role in modulating the frequency of occurrence of the stratospheric polar vortex anomalies through enhancement/attenuation the amplitudes of zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2, especially in late winter. A higher frequency of weak (strong) stratospheric vortex events is simulated in CM3 during El Nino (La Nina) episodes.
The weak vortex events during El Nino winters are preceded by enhancement of the zonal wave-1 pattern, and weakening of zonal wave-2 pattern. These modified tropospheric planetary waves propagate upward, and then weaken the stratospheric polar vortex through eddy-mean flow interaction. The zonal-mean geopential response in the stratosphere propagate downward and weaken the polar vortex throughout the troposphere.
The effects of planetary wave refraction in the upper troposphere on the zonally averaged circulation cells in the tropospheric meridional plane, and the linkage between the lower branches of these cells and the near surface wind patterns, play an important role in the flow pattern over the region corresponding to the southern lobe of the NAO. Specifically, a negative annular mode and NAO response is discernible in weak stratospheric vortex events during El Nino. Conversely, the positive annular mode and NAO is evident in strong vortex events during La Nina.
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