Lagrangian Analysis of Convective Entrainment

A Lagrangian framework to study entrainment mechanism of a cumulonimbus cloud is presented. We show that the cloud-resolving large-eddy simulation supplemented with Lagrangian tracking allows for precise quantication of the entrainment mechanism, such as the residence time of in-cloud parcels, the convective entrainment rate, and mixing timescales within the cloud. The Lagrangian results are compared with those from the previous Eulerian techniques. We provide Lagrangian statistics to study the detailed dynamics of entrained air.