A Scale Aware Physics Package (SAPP) for Tropical Cyclone Model and Its Experimental Application

A Scale Aware Physics Package (SAPP) is developed to meet the needs of tropical cyclone (TC) numerical forecasts at kilometer-scale resolution. SAPP comprises a neutral-network-based scale-aware (NSA) cloud amount parameterization scheme, a cloud vertical overlap (CVO) parameterization scheme, the stochastic and scale-aware (STOSA) convection parameterization scheme, the advanced Thompson microphysics parameterization for TC simulation, the Eddy-Diffusivity Mass Flux (EDMF) boundary layer parameterization scheme, and an improved scale-aware subgrid orographic parameterization (SSOP). Based on the dynamic framework of an unstructured mesh global model, SAPP was experimentally applied in high-resolution simulations of six TC cases in the western North Pacific. These cases include Super Typhoons Soudelor (2015), Hato (2017), Leqima (2019), and Doksuri (2023), and Strong Typhoons Hagupit (2020) and In-fa (2021). The evaluation results indicate that SAPP can well simulate the TC tracks, intensity and precipitation. Notably, SAPP demonstrates promising performance for TC rapid intensification, offshore genesis, and rainstorm after landfall.