Wednesday, 25 January 2012: 2:15 PM
Diagnosing the Influence of Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on the Northern Hemisphere General Circulation from an Atmospheric Energetics Perspective
Room 354 (New Orleans Convention Center )
Case studies and idealized modeling studies have shown that episodes of recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) can substantially modulate the intraseasonal variability of the midlatitude circulation. While some recurving TCs excite or amplify Rossby wave trains that produce persistent midlatitude circulation anomalies and high-impact weather downstream, others exert little influence on the midlatitude circulation. Current literature hypothesizes that the phasing of a TC with the midlatitude jet stream during extratropical transition can modulate the downstream flow response to recurving TCs. The goal of the current study is to adopt an atmospheric energetics perspective and investigate the influence of recurving TCs on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) general circulation. The current study is aided by climatological records of TC–jet stream interactions over the western North Pacific (WNP) and NH zonal available potential energy (AZ) and eddy kinetic energy (KE) developed at the University at Albany. Overall, WNP TC recurvature is found to be associated with large decreases in NH AZ and increases in NH KE. The transition from relatively zonal flow to meridional flow across the North Pacific in association with Rossby wave train dispersion and downstream baroclinic development subsequent to WNP TC recurvature suggests that NH AZ is being converted into NH KE. The results from a companion study, however, suggest that recurving WNP TCs that interact strongly with the jet stream (i.e., strong TC–jet stream interactions) are associated with higher-amplitude, longer-lived Rossby wave trains over the eastern Pacific and North America than recurving WNP TCs that interact weakly with the jet stream (i.e., weak TC–jet stream interactions). Strong TC–jet stream interactions are associated with significant decreases in NH AZ and increases in NH KE, whereas weak TC–jet stream interactions are associated with insignificant changes in NH AZ and KE. The results herein indicate that strong recurving TC–jet stream interactions over the WNP tend to favor strong perturbations to the NH general circulation.
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