Ultimately, the impacts of weather and climate fall on communities, and the groups of people living together in these places collectively produce resilience (or fail to do so). Understanding of the ways these groups engage with the environment, including the concepts of vulnerability, emergency preparedness and response, and long-term recovery from weather and climate hazards, require many layers of observations and methodologies. These observations span many scales, including everything from aggregate geographic data to individual perspectives. The panelists will discuss the varied observations required to understand the connection between weather, climate, and communities, and the methods used to synthesize the observations into enhanced preparedness and resilience.