Observing clear air turbulence indirectly in satellite imagery

Tropopause folding has a well-established link to clear air turbulence in the upper troposphere. This poster shows the latest version of an empirical algorithm that models tropopause folds in three dimensions, based on gradients observed in the GOES water vapor channel. These modeled tropopause folds are used to predict clear air turbulence, and are shown to have significant skill when validated with commercial airline pilot reports as well as automated turbulence reports.