Synoptic evaluation of the urban heat island in Philadelphia

There has been no distinct evaluation of how air masses are differentially modified by the urban heat island phenomenon. It is hypothesized that different air masses carry an uneven burden of the urban heat island. This study will specifically evaluate the following:

· Differences in maximum, minimum, and dew point temperature between urban and rural areas for each air mass

· A determination if the urban/rural differential is changing through time for each air mass

· If this is the case, an attempt to determine why

In addition, we will determine whether the historically dangerous air masses that are associated with increased heat-related mortality are the ones that have warmed up the most due to urban influences. It is possible that an increase in the number and use of air conditioners may be contributing to the increase in the intensity of the urban heat island for certain air masses. The anthropogenic heat production in Philadelphia will be analyzed to see if it can be linked to the changes in the urban heat island over time. This study will give a detailed analysis of the urban heat island impacts of each air mass, and determine the impacts of the increased use of air conditioners upon the urban climate of Philadelphia.