METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE URBAN SURFACE TEMPERATURES.

Directional radiometric observations of urban surface temperature are complicated by the anisotropic nature of the upwelling thermal radiation from the rough urban surface. In this paper, directional and hemispherical radiometric observations of urban surface temperature made from tower-mounted sensors are used to explore the temporal nature of the anisotropy of urban surfaces. The tower observations, in combination with a numerical model, and previous airborne thermal observations, are used to explore methods for generating representative urban surface temperature measurements.