Monday, 12 August 2002: 11:45 AM
The Effects of Coastlines on the Evolution of Strong, Long Lived Squall Lines
The convex-shaped coastline just west of Tallahassee, Florida, is
perceived to have an adverse influence on the intensity of non-supercell
squall lines as they approach the city. Although this is a much discussed
topic in Tallahassee, no research concerning the effects of coastline
shape on squall lines apparently has been completed locally or elsewhere.
A case-study approach for the Tallahassee area would be premature without
a sound fundamental conceptual model upon which to build. Thus, the
primary objective of our current study is to develop conceptual models of
how coastlines affect squall lines using mesoscale numerical modeling.
This is accomplished by two-dimensional numerical model simulations using
the Advanced Regional Prediction System Model (ARPS).
First, squall lines are simulated for a wide range of wind shear
profiles without radiation and surface physics parameterization. These simulations
are necessary to test the model's performance and provide a control for
later simulations. The second phase tests the effect of a land/sea
interface on squall lines when radiation and surface physics are included.
This is accomplished by introducing a theoretical coastline within the
two-dimensional domain. This configuration simulates a squall line that is
moving either onshore or offshore during diurnal temperature extremes.
Results of the simulations reveal how coastal circulations and
temperature distributions affect the intensity and other characteristics of a squall
line. For example, nocturnal cooling on the land portion of the model
domain is shown to adversely affect squall lines moving onshore. Results
also show that squall lines occurring during larger wind shear profiles
are more susceptible to varying surface temperature, particularly a
nocturnal inversion over land. The results indicate that three-dimensional
modeling is needed to completely resolve many of the processes involved.
Nevertheless, the results of the two-dimensional simulations are useful in
providing information that is needed to develop a fundamental conceptual
model of squall line-coastal interaction.
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