Wednesday, 1 August 2001: 4:15 PM
Effects of ambient shear on lifting produced by cold pools
A thunderstorm cell is a region of upward motion driven by latent heating that
is, in its mature phase, accompanied by a rain-cooled surface outflow. A squall
line is a collection of thunderstorm cells existing along a line at the ground.
The squall line may be short-lived (order of several cell lifetimes) or
long-lived (order of many cell lifetimes); the cells may be weak (vertical
velocity ~ 5-10 m/s) or strong (vertical velocity ~ 20-40 m/s). Numerical
simulations have shown that, other things being equal, squall lines tend be
short-lived and weak if the ambient shear is weak, and long-lived and strong if
the shear is moderate. Rotunno, Klemp and Weisman (1988; RKW) noted that the
ability of the surface outflow to lift boundary-layer air to its level of free
convection is enhanced with low-level shear, and concluded that the
cold-pool-shear interaction is a central element in understanding the strength
and longevity of squall lines. RKW proposed a simple way of thinking about the
this enhanced-lifting effect in terms of the vorticity dynamics of cold pools
in ambient shear flow. Recent theories of cold pools in shear attribute
importance to aspects of the vertical shear profile other than just those of
the boundary-layer. We report here on new simulations of cold pools in shear
using the vorticity-streamfunction equations which address effects of the
vertical distribution of the ambient shear on the amount of lifting realized.
These simulations show that the vertical lifting at the leading edge of the
cold-pool is most sensitive to the low-level shear. The
vorticity-streamfunction simulations provide a convenient framework to
interpret these results in terms of the the original RKW vorticity-dynamics
argument.
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