Turbulence remains major influences on safety, efficiency, and cost in aviation. Relevant turbulence-related topics for this session include research on the interplay and relative contributions of different processes that generate and damp turbulence, what new observations or improvements in physical parameterizations are necessary to improve NWP models’ predictions of turbulent conditions, limits to the predictability of turbulence, and the responses of UAVs and rotorcraft to turbulence.  This session focuses on research (basic and applied) and development rather than operations.