Evaluation of Online and Offline Regional Modeled CO2 Transport with INFLUX Observations

Cities are responsible for the majority of anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions and their contributions vary with urbanization as stated in past studies. To develop and assess methods of quantifying GHGs emissions at urban scale, and their role in larger-scale GHGs transport, we compare simulations from WRF-CMAQ which links the Advanced Research WRF version 3 (WRF-ARW) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) with WRF-VPRM (Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model) and results from the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) at 1 km² resolution over Indianapolis, Indiana, and find the biases and correlations with INFLUX at urban scale, and then expand to other cities. In this way, we estimate and improve the accuracy simulations from WRF-CMAQ and WRF-VPRM with INFLUX to quantify uncertainties in the model and apply WRF-CMAQ to simulate GHGs emissions in cities in the U.S. to estimate the GHGs contributions from cities and relate it to GHGs transport over the U.S. and the globe.