Cape Verde's First Hurricane in Modern Times: Preparation, Observations, WRF Model Forecasts and Recommendations

The last hurricane to cross the Cape Verde Islands occurred in September, 1892 according to meteorological records. During the 2015 hurricane season, an African Easterly Wave identified with a trough axis over Nigeria on 25 August emerged of the coast of West Africa on 29 August and was forecasted to bring wind and rain to the Cape Verde Islands. In the subsequent days, the disturbance organized, strengthened and was quickly upgraded from Tropical Depression Seven to Tropical Storm Fred on Sunday 30 August and Hurricane Fred during the morning of August 31. In this study, we present the view from the ground in relationship to observations, preparation, WRF forecasts and reported damage across the country. We also discuss the needs for improving the observing systems in Cape Verde and the social aspects of hurricane preparation for future events.