Thursday, 27 March 2003: 10:30 AM
Variability in ozone in the tropical troposphere from the SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes) network
The first view of zonal, seasonal and interannual tropospheric variability
from sondes is provided by a 12-site record from the Southern Hemisphere
ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) network:
http://code916.gsfc.nasa.gov/Data_services/shadoz. Observations since 1998
have been made over Ascension Island; Nairobi and Malindi, Kenya; Irene,
South Africa; La Reunion Island; Watukosek, Java; Fiji; Tahiti; American
Samoa; San Cristobal, Galapagos; Natal, Brazil. The tropopause is lower in
September-October-November than in March-April-May, when ozone is a minimum
at most SHADOZ stations. A zonal wave-one pattern (referring to ozone
mixing ratios greater over the Atlantic and adjacent continents than over
the Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean), persists all year. The wave,
predominantly in the troposphere and with variable magnitude, appears to be
due to general circulation - with subsidence over the Atlantic and frequent
deep convection over the Pacific and Indian Ocean. The variability of deep
convection - most prominent at Java, Fiji, Samoa and Natal - is explored in
time-vs-altitude ozone curtains. One of the most distinctive features of
SHADOZ tropospheric ozone is great variability, e.g. a factor of three in
column ozone at 8 stations. Seasonal and monthly means may not be robust
quantities because statistics are frequently not Gaussian, even at sites
that are always in tropical air. This has implications for models and
satellite retrievals. They should be evaluated on their capability for
reproducing tropospheric variability and fine-structure. A 1999-2001 ozone
record from Paramaribo, Surinam (6N, 55W), the only northern tropical site
in SHADOZ, shows a marked contrast to southern ozone because Surinam is
often north of the ITCZ. To further improve the tropospheric ozone
climatology for models and satellite retrievals requires extension of the
network to more northern hemisphere tropical locations.
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