In the “control” simulation, the ECHAM4 model is integrated for 20 years using the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST). In the “coupled” experiment, a slab ocean model is coupled in the tropical Indian and west Pacific Oceans (40°E-180°E, 20°S- 20°N) to explore the role of air-sea coupling on the MJO. Note that the influences from the extratropics were not disturbed in the coupled and uncoupled simulations. In the third experiment (referred as NSEW), model prognostic variables are relaxed in the tropical Atlantic region (80°W-0°, 20°S- 20°N) and in the 20°-30° latitude zones toward the “uncoupled” climatological annual cycle to suppress the influences from the circumnavigating waves and the extratropics, respectively. The comparison between the control and NSEW reveal the relative roles of the local and external forcing without the air-sea coupling. In the fourth experiment (coupled-NSEW) a slab ocean model is added to the NSEW over the same region as “coupled” experiment. The comparison of NSEW with coupled-NSEW will expose the contribution of air-sea coupling on the MJO and its initiation in the absence of external forcing.
The results indicate that the differences are larger between NSEW and coupled-NSEW than that between uncoupled and coupled. This indicates that the local air-sea coupling could further amplify the circulation anomalies induced by the extratropical influence. An analysis of the surface heat flux components along with the moist static energy budget from different simulations will be presented.
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