In-situ and satellite ocean observations and paleo-climate measurements have contributed to our fundamental knowledge of decadal-to-centennial natural variability and anthropogenic changes in the ocean. Examples of ocean observables are heat content, sea ice, sea level, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, surface wind speed, air-sea fluxes, deoxygenation, carbon uptake, acidification, etc. Examples of coupled ocean-atmosphere processes are El Niņo/La Niņa, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, and Southern Annular Mode. Papers documenting such low-frequency ocean variations, including results on discriminating between their natural and anthropogenic components, are invited.