Five Years After: What Have We Learned from DYNAMO? (Invited Presentation)

It has been five years since the DYNAMO/CINDY2011/AMIE/LASP field campaign in 2011-12 over the tropical Indian Ocean and its surroundings.  The field campaign has motivated not only observational studies on MJO initiation using field data, but also diagnostics and simulations using global gridded data and a variety of numerical models. This presentation will briefly summarize mainly results from field observations and their applications to model assessment and improvement. These results include confirmation of what proposed in the DYNAMO hypotheses and surprises that were not even considered during the planning of DYNAMO. Also included in the presentation are new issues and questions that have arisen from studies using DYNAMO field observations and need to be addressed to advance our understanding of the processes key to MJO initiation.