Land–atmosphere interactions play a key role in the climate system. The land's role in the weather and climate, its impact on atmospheric means, variability, and feedbacks across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, ranging from hours to centuries, for past, present, and future climates has been the subject of much recent exploratory research. The meteorological, hydrological, biophysical, biogeochemical, ecosystem and boundary layer processes that underlie the connections between weather/climate and soil moisture, soil temperature, vegetation, snow, and frozen soil, however, are not yet fully understood. The scarcity of relevant observations, the complexity of the underlying processes and feedbacks, and the wide range of scales involved make the necessary investigations challenging. This session focuses on (1) interfaces between weather, climate, ecosystems, and the land branches of the energy, water, and carbon cycles and the impact of land processes on climate variability and change as well as on extreme events (such as droughts and flooding); (2) dynamic, physical, and biogeochemical mechanisms and feedbacks by which the land surface (e.g., soil moisture and temperature, albedo, snow, frozen soil, vegetation) influences surface water and energy balances, atmospheric processes, and climate; (3) short and long-term predictability associated with land–atmosphere–ocean interaction and land initialization (such as soil moisture, soil temperature, snow, etc.); (4) impacts of land-cover and land-use change on climate; (5) land–atmosphere interactions in the context of climate variability and change, and (6) application and analyses of local and large-scale field data and observational networks (such as FLUXNET) and satellite observations for land–atmosphere studies. We welcome papers addressing any of these topics.

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