Storm Surge Damage to Buildings

This paper will discuss the characteristics of building damage associated with storm surge. In particular, degrees of damage (DODs) will be shown for various building types similar to that of the EF-scale for tornadoes. The force of moving water is more substantial than that of wind. Thus, buildings in low-lying areas, exposed to wave action, can be undermined or collapse. Such buildings appear “pitched down” toward the water or are completely removed from their foundations. Wood-frame structures tend to float, especially if they contain tongue and grooved floor and wall boards. In general, the damage associated with storm surge is concentrated in the lowest portion of the building and typically involves removal of building finish items and contents. This paper will help provide useful information in separating wind from storm surge damage.