| Monday,  8 May 2000 | 
 | 11:30 AM-2:00 PM, Monday 1 Short Course Registration | 
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 | 1:30 PM-5:30 PM, Monday 1 Conference Registration | 
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 | 1:30 PM-5:30 PM, Monday 1 Short Course on Climate-Change Detection | 
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| Tuesday,  9 May 2000 | 
 | 7:30 AM-5:00 PM, Tuesday 1 Conference registration continues through Thursday, 11 May | 
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 | 9:00 AM-10:20 AM, Tuesday Joint Session 1 Downscaling (Joint between 15th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospherice Sciences and 12th Conference on Applied Climatology) | 
Organizer: Kenneth Kunkel, ISWS, Champaign, IL 
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 | 9:00 AM | J1.1 | Downscaling Relationships for Summer Heavy and Widespread Rain Events in the U.S. Midwest    David A. R. Kristovich, ISWS, Champaign, IL; and N. E. Westcott, K. E. Kunkel, and X. Z. Liang |  
 | 9:20 AM | J1.2 | Synoptic circulation classification and downscaling for the Midwestern United States    J. T. Schoof, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; and S. C. Pryor |  
 | 9:40 AM | J1.3 | Statistical downscaling of United States regional climate from transient GCM scenarios    William M. Putman, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN; and J. B. Drake and G. Ostrouchov |  
 | 10:00 AM | J1.4 | Signature of changing wave climate in the North Sea    Arnt Pfizenmayer, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany |  
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 | 9:00 AM-12:10 PM, Tuesday Session 1a Let It Snow (Parallel with Sessions 1B and J1) | 
Organizer: Nolan J. Doesken, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 
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 | 9:00 AM | 1a.1 | The National Climate Extremes Committee's Evaluation of the Reported 1,140 Inch National Seasonal Snowfall Record at the Mount Baker, Washington Ski Area    Robert J. Leffler, NOAA/NWS, Silver Spring, MD; and A. Horvitz, M. Changery, R. Downs, K. T. Redmond, and G. Taylor |  
 | 9:20 AM | 1a.2 | A comparison of modeled, remotely sensed and measured snow water equivalent in the northern Great Plains    Thomas L. Mote, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; and A. J. Grundstein and J. Dyer |  
 | 9:40 AM | 1a.3 | Modeling Snowfall Climatologies Using a Mesoscale Model    Matthew K. Doggett, Air Force Combat Climatology Center, Asheville, NC |  
 | 10:00 AM | 1a.4 | Using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager to Monitor Liquid Water Near the Surface    Alan Basist, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and C. Williams, N. Grody, and R. Thomas |  
 | 10:20 AM |  | Coffee Break   
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 | 11:10 AM | 1a.5 | Weekly Northern Hemisphere Snow Maps: 1966-1999    David A. Robinson, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ |  
 | 11:30 AM | 1a.6 | Comparison of seasonal snowfall among the Great Lakes snowbelts    Molly Delaney, Kent State University, Kent, OH; and T. W. Schmidlin |  
 | 11:50 AM | 1a.7 | Continental-scale snow cover anomalies and air mass frequencies and characteristics across eastern North America    Daniel J. Leathers, University of Delaware, Newark, DE |  
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 | 9:00 AM-10:20 AM, Tuesday Session 1b Creation of a U.S. Climate Reference Network (Parallel with Sessions 1A and J1) | 
Organizer: Robert G. Quayle, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC 
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 | 9:00 AM | 1b.1 | U.S. Climate Reference Network, Part 1: Overview    Richard R. Heim Jr., NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and C. B. Baker, G. K. Rutledge, C. E. Duchon, R. J. Leffler, A. H. Horvitz, G. Schaefer, K. G. Hubbard, and M. R. Helfert |  
 | 9:20 AM | 1b.2 | U.S. Climate Reference Network, Part 2: Instrumentation    Claude E. Duchon, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK; and C. B. Baker, K. G. Hubbard, R. R. Heim, D. Mannarano, and T. J. Lockhart |  
 | 9:40 AM | 1b.3 | U.S. Climate Reference Network, Part 3: Station Selection Criteria and Station Siting Standards    C. Bruce Baker, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and D. R. Easterling, R. R. Heim, C. E. Duchon, M. J. Janis, and M. R. Helfert |  
 | 10:00 AM | 1b.4 | U.S. Climate Reference Network, Part 4: Metadata    Jeffrey D. Arnfield, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and C. E. Duchon, C. B. Baker, R. G. Quayle, R. R. Heim, K. D. Robbins, M. J. Janis, and A. H. Horvitz |  
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 | 10:20 AM-10:50 AM, Tuesday  Coffee Break | 
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 | 10:50 AM-12:10 PM, Tuesday Session 2 Climate Service Issues | 
Organizer: Keith L. Eggleston, Northeast Regional Climate Center, Ithaca, NY 
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 | 10:50 AM | 2.1 | A generalized method for accessing western U.S. climate data and products    Greg D. McCurdy, DRI, Reno, NV; and K. T. Redmond |  
 | 11:10 AM | 2.2 | NOAA National Data Center Climate Data Online for use in research, applications, and education    J. Neal Lott, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and D. D. Anders |  
 | 11:30 AM | 2.3 | Integrating non-climate factors into a natural gas purchasing decision: Learning from the user    David Changnon, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL; and M. Ritsche |  
 | 11:50 AM | 2.4 | Reassessing climate information and services: Part 2    Tamara G. Creech, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL |  
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 | 12:10 PM-1:40 PM, Tuesday  Lunch | 
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 | 1:40 PM-3:00 PM, Tuesday Session 3a Quality Control of Climate Data (Parallel with Sessions 3B and 3C) | 
Organizer: David A. Robinson, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 
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 | 1:40 PM | 3a.1 | Quality control of Snotel data    Kelly T. Redmond, DRI, Reno, NV |  
 | 2:00 PM | 3a.2 | Soil Temperature Quality Control for USDA NRCS SM/ST Network: Method and Products    Q. Steve Hu, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE; and G. Schaefer, C. J. Hays, and P. Pasteris |  
 | 2:20 PM | 3a.3 | A comparison of rooftop and surface temperature observations    Brian Griffith, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; and T. B. McKee, N. J. Doesken, and R. J. Leffler |  
 | 2:40 PM | 3a.4 | Are the data you rely on valid?    William H. Haggard, Consulting Meteorolgist, Asheville, NC |  
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 | 1:40 PM-3:00 PM, Tuesday Session 3b Applications of Climate Data to Aviation (Parallel with Sessions 3A and 3C) | 
Organizer: Brian K. Eder, NOAA/ARL, Research Triangle Park, NC 
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 | 1:40 PM | 3b.1 | An Examination of Ceiling and Wind Event Frequency Modeling by the Advanced Climate Modeling and Environmental Simulations (ACMES)    Jonathan S. Thompson, Air Force Combat Climatology Center, Asheville, NC |  
 | 2:00 PM | 3b.2 | Designing an aviation weather climatology and meteorological database in the context of an aviation risk model    Diana L. B. Boyd, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado; and B. G. Brown, D. Osborne, and D. Ross |  
 | 2:20 PM | 3b.3 | The Air Force Combat Climatology Worldwide Narrative Climatology program    Kenneth R. Walters Sr., Air Force Combat Climatology Center, Asheville, NC |  
 | 2:40 PM | 3b.4 | Using Climatology to Improve Weather Forecasting for America's Space Program    William P. Roeder, 45th Weather Squadron, Patrick AFB, FL; and D. E. Harms |  
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 | 2:00 PM-3:00 PM, Tuesday Session 3c Fire Weather Applications (Parallel with Sessions 3A and 3B) | 
Organizer: Greg Johnson, USDA-NRCS   National Water and Climate Center, Portland, OR 
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 | 3:00 PM-3:30 PM, Tuesday  Coffee Break | 
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 | 3:30 PM-5:10 PM, Tuesday Session 4a Detection and Adjustment of Non-climatic Biases in Observed Data (Parallel with Session 4B) | 
Organizer: David R. Easterling, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC 
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 | 3:30 PM | 4a.1 | Errors in daily minimum and maximum air temperature induced by observation time    Michael J. Janis, Southeast Regional Climate Center, Columbia, SC |  
 | 3:50 PM | 4a.2 | Time of observation and estimation of daily solar radiation for the Northern Great Plains    Rezaul Mahmood, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska; and K. G. Hubbard |  
 | 4:10 PM | 4a.3 | A method to estimate missing daily extreme temperatures    Robert J. Allen, Northeast Regional Climate Center, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY; and A. T. DeGaetano |  
 | 4:30 PM | 4a.4 | Homogenized daily temperatures for trend analyses in extremes over Canada    Lucie A. Vincent, MSC, Downsview, ON, Canada; and X. Zhang, B. R. Bonsal, and W. D. Hogg |  
 | 4:50 PM | 4a.5 | Latitudinal and Seasonal Dependent Zenith Angle Corrections for Geostationary Satellite IR Brightness Temperatures    Robert J. Joyce, NOAA/NWS/NCEP, Washington, DC; and J. Janowiak and G. Huffman |  
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 | 3:30 PM-4:50 PM, Tuesday Session 4b Microclimatic Applications (Parallel with Session 4A) | 
Organizer: Sue Ferguson, USDA - Forest Service, Seattle, WA 
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 | 3:30 PM | 4b.1 | Annual Energy Balance of a Midwestern No-Till Corn and Soybean Field    Steven E. Hollinger, ISWS, Champaign, IL; and T. P. Meyers |  
 | 3:50 PM | 4b.2 | Estimating the roughness of cities and sheltered country    Alan G. Davenport, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; and C. S. B. Grimmond, T. R. Oke, and J. Wieringa |  
 | 4:10 PM | 4b.3 | On estimating surface energy fluxes from single level climatological observations    Michael J. Brennan, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and D. S. Niyogi and S. Raman |  
 | 4:30 PM | 4b.4 | A comparison of water and carbon fluxes from two identical landuse sites within the same model domain    Tilden P. Meyers, NOAA/ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN; and S. Hollinger |  
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 | 5:10 PM, Tuesday  Sessions end for the day | 
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| Wednesday, 10 May 2000 | 
 | 8:00 AM-10:00 AM, Wednesday Session 5b ASOS ISSUES (Parallel with Session 5A) | 
Organizer: David Changnon, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 
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 | 8:00 AM | 5b.1 | A summary of wind climate continuity with ASOS    Thomas J. Lockhart, Meteorological Standards Institute, Fox Island, WA |  
 | 8:20 AM | 5b.2 | Climate data continuity with ASOS in precipitation and temperature    Thomas B. McKee, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; and N. J. Doesken, J. Kleist, C. A. Davey, and N. L. Canfield |  
 | 8:40 AM | 5b.3 | Continuity of precipitation amount observations with automation    Ewa J. Milewska, AES, Downsview, ON, Canada |  
 | 9:00 AM | 5b.4 | Impact of ASOS on 1969–1998 Normals in Lincoln, Nebraska    Chad M. Kauffman, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE |  
 | 9:20 AM | 5b.5 | Development of 1971–2000 climate normals and supplemental climate summaries    Richard Cram, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC |  
 | 9:40 AM | 5b.6 | The ASOS Climate Data Continuity Project: Its Beginnings and a Few Conclusions    Norman L. Canfield, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD |  
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 | 8:20 AM-11:59 AM, Wednesday Session 5a Observed Variations in Temperature and Precipitation (Parallel with Session 5B) | 
Organizer: Art DeGaetano, Northeast Regional Climate Center, Ithaca, NY 
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 | 8:20 AM | 5a.1 | Secular trends in the size of extreme precipitation events over the eastern United States    Charles E. Konrad, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC |  
 | 8:40 AM | 5a.2 | Extremes of Canadian Multi-Day Precipitation Accumulation    Éva Mekis, MSC, Downsview, ON, Canada; and X. Zhang |  
 |   | 5a.3 | Observed trends in the intensity of daily precipitation over the UK    Timothy J. Osborn, Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and M. Hulme |  
 | 8:59 AM | 5a.4 | Precipitation and Temperature Trends in the context of Global Warming: An Exploratory Analysis    Madhav L. Khandekar, Consulting Meteorologist, Unionville, ON, Canada |  
 | 9:19 AM | 5a.5 | Variability and trends in extreme daily temperatures for the United States    David R. Easterling, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC |  
 | 9:39 AM | 5a.6 | Renewed study on Shanghai's warming process during the past 100 years by comparing the changes between mean, maximum, and minimum temperature    Zhihong Jiang, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China |  
 | 9:59 AM |  | Coffee Break   
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 | 10:39 AM | 5a.7 | Recent modulation of the seasonal cycle    Craig J. Wallace, Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and T. J. Osborn |  
 | 10:59 AM | 5a.8 | Anticyclonic Warming    Patrick J. Michaels, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and P. C. Knappenberger, S. D. Gawtry, and R. E. Davis |  
 | 11:19 AM | 5a.9 | Day-to-Day Mean Temperature Variabilit—A Monitoring Tool    Richard R. Heim Jr., NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and M. J. Menne |  
 | 11:39 AM | 5a.10 | The "January thaw" is a statistical phantom    Christopher M. Godfrey, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and D. S. Wilks |  
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 | 10:00 AM-10:40 AM, Wednesday  Coffee Break | 
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 | 10:40 AM-2:30 PM, Wednesday Session 6 Soil Moisture | 
Organizer: Phil Pasteris, USDA-NRCS National Water and Climate Center, Portland, OR 
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 | 10:40 AM | 6.1 | Analysing CO2 and soil moisture Variability in a Climatological Perspective    Devdutta S. Niyogi, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC; and S. Raman and K. Alapaty |  
 | 11:00 AM | 6.2 | Estimation of soil moisture gradients during Hurricane Fran (1996) and their influence on enhanced convection inland    Jennifer Kehoe, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC; and S. Raman and D. S. Niyogi |  
 | 11:20 AM | 6.3 | Daily soil moisture measurement network of the Northern Great Plains: sensors, their calibration and Applications    Kenneth G. Hubbard, High Plains Climate Center, Lincoln, NE; and R. Mahmood and Q. Hou |  
 | 11:40 AM | 6.4 | Developing SMASH: (Soil Moisture Analysis using a Statistical Heuristic Model) for Mapping soil moisture variability using surface climatological data    Devdutta S. Niyogi, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and J. Kehoe and S. Raman |  
 | 12:00 PM |  | Lunch   
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 | 1:30 PM | 6.5 | Persistence and trend of modeled soil moisture in Oklahoma    Tracy L. DeLiberty, University of Delaware, Newark, PA; and D. R. Legates |  
 | 1:50 PM | 6.6 | Recommendations for urban tree soil volume and irrigation frequency using a soil moisture budgeting approach    Stephen R. Hudson, Northeast Regional Climate Center, Ithaca, NY; and A. T. DeGaetano |  
 | 2:10 PM | 6.7 | Application of a soil water balance model to historical soil moisture estimation over eastern Nebraska    Kenneth G. Hubbard, High Plains Climate Center, Lincoln, NE; and R. Mahmood |  
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 | 2:30 PM-3:00 PM, Wednesday  Coffee Break | 
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 | 3:00 PM-4:40 PM, Wednesday Joint Session 2 Weather Derivatives (Joint between 15th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric Sciences and 12th Conference on Applied Climatology | 
Organizer: Todd Anderson, Virginia Power, Glen Allen, VA 
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 | 3:00 PM-4:19 PM, Wednesday Session 7 Air Pollution Applications (Parallel with Joint Session J2) | 
Organizer: Ellen J. Cooter, NOAA/ARL, Research Triangle Park, NC 
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 | 3:00 PM | 7.1 |  Spatial Interpolation of Nonstationary Environmental Processes    Montserrat Fuentes, North Carolina State University and EPA, Raleigh, NC; and P. L. Finkelstein |  
 |   | 7.2 | Spatial and temporal modeling of hourly ozone levels for assessment of GChM modeling    Xingye Cherry Lei, PNNL, Richland, WA; and K. Anderson, C. M. Berkowitz, and S. Zhong |  
 | 3:19 PM | 7.3 | A hybrid mesoscale-gaussian plume approach to air pollution analysis in heterogeneous regions    Hasnah Hasan, State Climate Office of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC; and D. S. Niyogi, S. Raman, and R. Gilliam |  
 | 3:39 PM | 7.4 | An aggregation and episode selection scheme for EPA's Models-3 CMAQ    Brian K. Eder, NOAA/ARL, Research Triangle Park, NC; and R. D. Cohn, S. K. LeDuc, and R. L. Dennis |  
 | 3:59 PM | 7.5 | Aerosol climatologies from a numerical model and climate observations    Helen C. Power, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC |  
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 | 4:40 PM, Wednesday  Oral Sessions End for the Day | 
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 | 5:30 PM-7:00 PM, Wednesday Joint Poster Session 1 Joint Poster Viewing with Buffet (Joint between 15th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric Sciences and 12th Conference on Applied Climatology)  | 
 |   | JP1.1 | Difference in the secular trend and evolution in seasonal mean minimum and maximum temperatures within several groups of Swiss climatological stations    Patricia Elisabeth Jungo, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland |  
 |   | JP1.2 | Intraseasonal temperature oscillations in the United States    Richard W. Stimets, Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA; and K. B. Ahlstrom |  
 |   | JP1.3 | A statistical study of climate variability in North Carolina    Ryan P. Boyles, State Climate Office of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC; and S. Raman, K. C. Chhak, A. S. Pratt, and W. M. Sellers |  
 |   | JP1.4 | Applying a KZ filter for studying North Carolina temperature and precipitation patterns associated with ENSO    Brian W. Potter, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and S. Raman and D. S. Niyogi |  
 |   | JP1.5 | A preliminary evaluation of seasonal climate outlooks using GIS    Gloria Dickie-Forthun, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE; and S. Meyer |  
 |   | JP1.6 | Development of a low pressure index as a proxy for dry season severe weather in florida and its relationship with ENSO    Bartlett C. Hagemeyer, NOAA/NWSFO, Melbourne, FL |  
 |   | JP1.7 | A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship Between Solar Flux and Hurricane Intensity    Phillip A. Zuzolo, Autometric Incorporated, Springfield, VA; and A. M. Powell and B. J. Zuzolo |  
 |   | JP1.8 | Preliminary Verification of a Proposed Solar-Terrestrial Relationship with Potential Weekly, Monthly, and Decadal Implications    Alfred M. Powell Jr., Autometric Incorporated, Springfield, VA; and M. P. A. Zuzolo and M. B. J. Zuzolo |  
 |   | JP1.9 | Midwestern Snow Swaths: Empirical Observations of the Influence of Fresh Snow Cover on Temperature    David Travis, Univ. of Wisconsin, Whitewater, WI; and S. Curran and A. Nielsen |  
 |   | JP1.10 | Comparison between cooperative observer data and co-located meteorological tower network in North Carolina    Aaron Sims, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and D. S. Niyogi and S. Raman |  
 |   | JP1.11 | Rescue and integration of the Polar Continental Shelf Project data set for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago    David E. Atkinson, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; and K. Gajewski and B. Alt |  
 |   | JP1.12 | ENSO events and daily rainfall in Ecuador    Frédéric Rossel, USDA/ARS, El Reno, OK; and E. Cadier, P. Le Goulven, and R. Calvez |  
 |   | JP1.13 | Application of CALMET to the Raleigh-Durham area: A case for denser surface observation to improve model simulations    Robert C. Gilliam, State Climate Office of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC; and S. Raman and D. S. Niyogi |  
 |   | JP1.14 | Real-time calibration of WSR-88D precipitation estimates    David R Legates, University of Delaware, Newark, DE; and K. R. Nixon and T. D. Stockdale |  
 |   | JP1.15 | Design and implementation of an RF based Weather Station Network    Vinayak K. Parameshwara, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC; and D. S. Niyogi and S. Raman |  
 |   | JP1.16 | Comparison of Scanner and Wide-field-of-view Emitted Radiation Measurements from ERBE NOAA 9 Satellite    T. Dale Bess, NASA/LARC, Hampton, VA; and G. L. Smith and C. Collimore |  
 |   | JP1.17 | Effect of local landuse on climate data from an instrumented tower in a remote urban locality    Robert C. Gilliam, State Climate Office of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC; and S. Raman, D. S. Niyogi, and J. White |  
 |   | JP1.18 | Quality assurance of temperature observations at the National Climatic Data Center    Matthew J. Menne, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and C. E. Duchon |  
 |   | JP1.19 | A Java-based web plotting and analysis package for the NC AgNet    Dhaval Thakkar, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and D. S. Niyogi, S. Raman, and V. K. Parameshwara |  
 |   | JP1.20 | A statistical analysis of the frequency of extreme meteorological events in Missouri    Preston W. Leftwich, Jr., NOAA/NWS, Kansas City, MO |  
 |   | JP1.21 | A random resampling approach to evaluate spatial representativeness of short temperature time-series    David E. Atkinson, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; and K. Gajewski |  
 |   | JP1.22 | Finding Meaning in Chaos    Caroline Woolcock, UK Met Office, Bracknell, Berks., United Kingdom |  
 |   | JP1.23 | Development of new climate and plant adaptation maps for China    Christopher Daly, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and W. Gibson, D. Hannaway, and G. Taylor |  
 |   | JP1.24 | Products, reports and analyses from NCDC's Climate Monitoring Group    Thomas R. Ross, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and C. S. Godfrey and R. R. Heim |  
 |   | JP1.25 | EVAPORATION TRENDS OVER THE UNITED STATES AND THE FORMER USSR    Valentin S. Golubev, State Hydrological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia; and N. A. Speranskaya, S. A. Zhuravin, P. Y. Groisman, J. H. Lawrimore, M. J. Menne, T. C. Peterson, and R. W. Malone |  
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| Thursday, 11 May 2000 | 
 | 8:00 AM-10:20 AM, Thursday Session 8a Spatial and Temporal Climatologies of Extreme Heat Occurrence (Parallel with Sessions 8B and J3) | 
Organizer: Keith G. Henderson, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 
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 | 8:00 AM | 8a.0 | Coffee Break   
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 | 8:20 AM | 8a.1 | The climate of early 19th century Mississippi    Robert D. Erhardt Jr., U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile, AL |  
 | 8:40 AM | 8a.2 | Illinois heat waves 1856–1999    Karen Andsager, ISWS, Champaign, IL; and J. R. Angel |  
 | 9:00 AM | 8a.3 | Spatial pattern of a heat index for the coterminous United States and its temporal trends    Jong-Nam Choi, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA; and V. Meentemeyer and T. L. Mote |  
 | 9:20 AM | 8a.4 | Decadal changes in the frequency of United States heat waves    Peter J. Robinson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC |  
 | 9:40 AM | 8a.5 | Decadal changes in summer mortality in the United States    Robert E. Davis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and P. C. Knappenberger, W. M. Novicoff, and P. J. Michaels |  
 | 10:00 AM | 8a.6 | Decadal spatial structure and evolution of extreme temperature in winter and summer over China during the recent 50 years    Zhihong Jiang, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China |  
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 | 8:20 AM-10:20 AM, Thursday Session 8b Model derived data (Parallel with Sessions 8A and J3) | 
Organizer: Mark Carrol, Murray and Trettel, Inc., Northfield, IL 
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 | 8:20 AM | 8b.0 | Coffee Break   
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 | 8:40 AM | 8b.1 | Methods to establish the quality of simulated climatological data produced by numerical mesoscale modeling techniques    Glenn E. Van Knowe, MESO, Inc., Troy, NY; and J. W. Zack, K. T. Waight, P. E. Price, and C. E. Graves |  
 | 9:00 AM | 8b.2 | A technique to use observed climatological data to improve the quality of simulated climatological data produced by a numerical mesoscale model    Charles E. Graves, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO; and G. E. Van Knowe, J. W. Zack, K. T. Waight, and P. E. Price |  
 | 9:20 AM | 8b.3 | Estimation of surface air temperature in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago using a semi-empirical, knowledge-based "topoclimatic" model    David E. Atkinson, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; and K. Gajewski |  
 | 9:40 AM | 8b.4 | A Modeling study of Seabreeze fronts along a complex Coastline    Robert C. Gilliam, State Climate Office of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC; and S. Raman and D. S. Niyogi |  
 | 10:00 AM | 8b.5 | An atmospheric modeling system designed to create simulated wind climatologies to support wind-generated power production    John W. Zack, MESO, Inc., Troy, NY; and K. T. Waight, G. E. Van Knowe, and M. D. Bousquet |  
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 | 8:40 AM-11:59 AM, Thursday Joint Session 3 Climate forecasting (Joint between 15th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric Sciences and 12th Conference on Applied Climatology) | 
Organizer: W. Matt Briggs, Doubleclick, New York, NY 
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 | 8:40 AM | J3.1 | Is Monsoon Predictability through Statistical Methods decreasing?    R. H. Kripalani, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, Maharashtra, India; and A. Kulkarni |  
 | 9:00 AM | J3.2 | Statistical Associations Between African Rainfall and ENSO-Monsoon Circulations    Mark R. Jury, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa |  
 |   | J3.3 | A Seasonal Climate Forecast Methodology for ITCZ-Associated Rainfall in Eastern Africa    Ron Lowther, Air Force Combat Climatology Center, Asheville, NC; and J. F. Griffiths |  
 | 9:19 AM | J3.4 | Seasonal Forecasting of UK Winter Storminess    Steve E. George, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Surrey, United Kingdom; and M. A. Saunders |  
 | 9:39 AM | J3.5 | Application of Markov Chain Model to Long-Range Temperature Prediction    Stephen F. Mueller, Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL; and Q. Mao |  
 | 9:59 AM |  | Coffee Break   
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 | 10:39 AM | J3.6 | Comparative assessment of predictability over mid-latitudinal and tropical climate using statistical models: Example over North Carolina and Indonesia    Orbita Roswintiarti, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and D. S. Niyogi and S. Raman |  
 | 10:59 AM | J3.7 | Altered data distributions conditioned on seasonal climate forecasts    Kelly T. Redmond, DRI, Reno, NV |  
 | 11:19 AM | J3.8 | A methodology for adjusting error estimates during disaggregation of seasonal forecasts    Jeanne M. Schneider, USDA-ARS, El Reno, OK |  
 | 11:39 AM | J3.9 | Disaggregation of the CPC seasonal outlooks    Daniel S. Wilks, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY |  
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 | 10:40 AM-1:30 PM, Thursday Session 9 Climate and Climate Impact Indices (Parallel with Joint Session J3) | 
Organizer: Peter Robinson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 
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 | 10:40 AM | 9.1 | Development of an index to monitor national extreme weather-climate impacts in the United States    Stanley A. Changnon, Changnon Climatologist, Mahomet, IL; and G. J. D. Hewings |  
 | 11:00 AM | 9.2 | An estimate of the comprehensive impact of natural disasters    Xiefei Zhi, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany |  
 | 11:20 AM | 9.3 | Application of Hourly Temperature-Heat Index as a Measure of Heat Stress    Katherine R. Summers, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA; and D. E. Stooksbury |  
 | 11:40 AM | 9.4 | Comparison of recently published wind chill scales    Robert G. Quayle, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and M. L. Nicodemus, R. W. Schwerdt, M. Matthews, and L. S. Kalkstein |  
 | 12:00 PM |  | Lunch   
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 | 1:00 PM | 9.5 | Panel Discussion on Wind Chill Indices    Robert G. Quayle, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC |  
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 | 1:30 PM-5:00 PM, Thursday Session 10a Drought (Parallel with Sessions 10B and 11) | 
Organizer: Claude Duchon, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 
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 | 1:30 PM | 10a.1 | Results of 23 years of drought monitoring and research in Colorado    Thomas B. McKee, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; and N. J. Doesken and J. Kleist |  
 | 1:50 PM | 10a.2 | Use of the standardized precipitation index as a water resources monitoring tool in the Northeastern United States    Keith L. Eggleston, Northeast Regional Climate Center, Ithaca, NY |  
 | 2:10 PM | 10a.3 | On Using the Standard Precipitation Index to assess soil moisture status in North Carolina.    Aaron Sims, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and D. S. Niyogi and S. Raman |  
 | 2:30 PM | 10a.4 | Explaining agricultural drought in the United States Midwest    Michelle A. Buhta, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL |  
 | 2:50 PM |  | Coffee Break   
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 | 3:20 PM | 10a.5 | Spatial modes of drought in the Central United States    Michael A. Palecki, Midwestern Climate Center/ISWS, Champaign, IL; and D. J. Leathers |  
 | 3:40 PM | 10a.6 | Pacific sea surface temperature and precipitation in the Southern Great Plains    Frederic Rossel, USDA/ARS, El Reno, OK; and J. Garbrecht |  
 | 4:00 PM | 10a.7 | A study on dry periods in Atlanta, Georgia    William R. Schaub Jr., NOAA/NWSFO, Peachtree City, GA |  
 | 4:20 PM | 10a.8 | Climate variability in southeastern Pennsylvania and its impact on the Schuylkill River basin    Keith G. Henderson, Villanova University, Villanova, PA |  
 | 4:40 PM | 10a.9 | Statistical tests for drought tendency investigation and their sensitivity    Sandor Szalai, Hungarian Meteorological Service, Budapest, Hungary; and C. Szinell |  
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 | 1:30 PM-2:50 PM, Thursday Session 10b New Climate Data Products (Parallel with Session 10A) | 
Organizer: Glen Conner, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 
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 | 1:30 PM | 10b.1 | A new U.S. Climate Atlas    Marc S. Plantico, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and L. A. Goss, C. Daly, and G. Taylor |  
 | 1:50 PM | 10b.2 | Development of a 103-year high-resolution climate data set for the conterminous United States    Christopher Daly, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and T. Kittel, A. McNab, W. Gibson, A. Royle, D. Nychka, T. Parzybok, N. Rosenbloom, and G. Taylor |  
 | 2:10 PM | 10b.3 | Wind climatology issues, and the development of a comprehensive wind data base for wind erosion estimates    Greg Johnson, USDA-NRCS, National Water and Climate Center, Portland, OR |  
 | 2:30 PM | 10b.4 | Engineering Weather Data    Michael F. Squires, Air Force Combat Climatology Center, Asheville, NC; and B. Muller and G. J. Shook |  
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 | 2:50 PM, Thursday  Coffee Break | 
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 | 3:20 PM-5:00 PM, Thursday Session 11 Recent Weather Extremes (Parallel with Session 10A) | 
Organizer: Richard R. Heim, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC 
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 | 3:20 PM | 11.1 | A Brief Climatology of Extreme Weather and Climate Events in the U.S. and Around the World.    Thomas F. Ross, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and J. N. Lott |  
 | 3:40 PM | 11.2 | Hurricane Floyd Rainfall in New Jersey    David A. Robinson, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ |  
 | 4:00 PM | 11.3 | An assessment of the regional impacts of the 1997-98 El Niño/La Niña on summer rainfall over China    K.-M. Lau, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD; and H. -. Y. Weng |  
 | 4:20 PM | 11.4 | Rainfall frequency data—They really do matter    Nolan J. Doesken, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; and S. D. Hayes |  
 | 4:40 PM | 11.5 | Stochastic modeling of damage associated with extreme weather events    Richard W. Katz, NCAR, Boulder, CO |  
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 | 5:00 PM, Thursday  Sessions end for the day | 
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| Friday, 12 May 2000 | 
 | 8:00 AM-10:48 AM, Friday Session 12a Applications of Climate Data in Agriculture (Parallel with Sessions 12B and 13) | 
Organizer: Kenneth G. Hubbard, High Plains Climate Center, Lincoln, NE 
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 | 8:00 AM | 12a.1 | An Increased Incidence of Wet Years Over the Coterminous United States During 1973–1999    Steven A. Mauget, USDA/ARS, Lubbock, TX; and D. R. Upchurch |  
 |   | 12a.2 | PDO-ENSO interaction and effects on Midwest climate and corn yields    Dennis P. Todey, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; and R. E. Carlson |  
 | 8:19 AM | 12a.3 | Cotton environmental stress during the South Carolina growing season    Dale E. Linvill, Clemson University, Clemson, SC |  
 | 8:39 AM | 12a.4 | Past and potential future impacts of climate on crop production in the great lakes region    Jeffrey A. Andresen, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and G. Alagarswamy and J. T. Ritchie |  
 | 8:59 AM | 12a.5 | Climate Impacts on Corn Yield in the North American Corn Belt    Qi Hu, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE; and G. Buyanovsky and X. Tao |  
 | 9:19 AM | 12a.6 | Increasing growing-season length in Illinois as an indicator of climatic change    Scott M. Robeson, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN |  
 | 9:39 AM | 12a.7 | Extending the Vegetable Season in Tennessee: An Analysis of Minimum Temperatures and Freeze Probabilities    Joanne Logan, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN; and D. L. Coffey |  
 | 9:59 AM |  | Coffee Break   
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 |   | 12a.8 | Thermal trends and increased temperature ranges as related to a shorter growing season in portions of the Great Plains    Kenneth F. Dewey, High Plains Climate Center, Lincoln, NE |  
 | 10:28 AM | 12a.9 | Chill-hours climatology for the southeastern United States    D. E. Stooksbury, State Climatology Office of Georgia, Athens, GA; and P. L. Davis, R. Weikel, and S. Baker |  
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 | 8:00 AM-10:00 AM, Friday Session 12b Spatial Variations in Precipitation (Parallel with Session 12A) | 
Organizer: G. Anderson White, NEXRAD/OSF, Norman, OK 
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 | 8:00 AM | 12b.1 | Estimation of rainfall intensity and spatial distribution based on data collected by automated weather stations and radar systems    Bogdan Chojnicki, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA; and G. Hoogenboom and G. A. Georgiev |  
 | 8:20 AM | 12b.2 | Differences in station and regional precipitation assessment    Frédéric Rossel, USDA/ARS, El Reno, OK; and J. Garbrecht |  
 | 8:40 AM | 12b.3 | Microscale rainfall variations as measured by a local volunteer network    Nolan J. Doesken, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO; and J. F. Weaver |  
 | 9:00 AM | 12b.4 | Spatial clustering of climate stations using geographic distance and precipitation parameters    Arthur T. DeGaetano, Northeast Regional Climate Center/Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY |  
 | 9:20 AM | 12b.5 | Observations and Regional Climate Model Simulations of Heavy Precipitation Events: A Comparision    Kenneth E. Kunkel, ISWS, Champaign, IL; and K. Ardsager, X. Z. Liang, and J. R. Angel |  
 | 9:40 AM | 12b.6 | Trends in tropical cyclone precipitation over the eastern United States    Bryon E. Gleason, NOAA/NCDC, Asheville, NC; and D. R. Easterling and F.  Ren |  
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 | 10:00 AM-10:30 AM, Friday  Coffee Break | 
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 | 10:30 AM-12:30 PM, Friday Session 13 Storm Climatologies (Parallel with Session 12A) | 
Organizer: Kelly Redmond, DRI, Reno, NV 
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 | 10:30 AM | 13.1 | A heuristic examination of NC winter storm frequency patterns with various ENSO phases    Brian W. Potter, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and S. Raman and D. S. Niyogi |  
 | 10:50 AM | 13.2 | North American Cyclones: Relationship to ENSO and NAO    James R. Angel, ISWS, Champaign, IL; and S. A. Isard |  
 | 11:10 AM | 13.3 | Texas hurricanes; evaluation of a century of risk    Richard W. Dixon, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX |  
 | 11:30 AM | 13.4 | An Investigation of the Dependence of Severe Weather Occurrence in North Carolina on the Strength and Duration of ENSO    Jamie R. Rhome, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and D. S. Niyogi and S. Raman |  
 | 11:50 AM | 13.5 | Some-Me Variability: A Climatology of Missouri Tornadoes    Matthew D. Chambers, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO; and A. R. Lupo and F. A. Akyuz |  
 | 12:10 PM | 13.6 | Daily probabilities of severe thunderstorms in the United States    Harold E. Brooks, NOAA/NSSL, Norman, OK; and M. P. Kay, D. S. Zaras, N. Blais, and B. Flickinger |  
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 | 12:30 PM, Friday  Conference Ends | 
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 | 1:00 PM, Friday 1 Guided Tour of the National Climatic Data Center | 
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